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Scientists at UNSW Sydney have developed a new form of CRISPR technology that could make gene therapy safer while also resolving a decades-long debate about how genes are switched off. The research shows that small chemical markers attached to DNA actively silence genes, rather than simply appearing as harmless byproducts in inactive regions of the genome.
For years, researchers have questioned whether methyl groups, tiny chemical clusters that collect on DNA, merely show up where genes are already turned off or whether they are the direct cause of gene suppression.
In a study published recently in Nature Communications, researchers from UNSW, working with colleagues at the St Jude Children's Research Hospital (Memphis), demonstrated that removing these chemical tags causes genes to become active again. When the tags were added back, the genes shut down once more. The results confirm that DNA methylation directly controls gene activity.
"We showed very clearly that if you brush the cobwebs off, the gene comes on," says study lead author Professor Merlin Crossley, UNSW Deputy Vice-Chancellor Academic Quality.
"And when we added the methyl...