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Over the past 12 months, in scattered cases reported in top medical journals, doctors have done something amazing: They have entered a patient's genetic material into a machine and read out the genetic code embedded in that person's DNA and come up with medically useful information.

The beneficiaries of this genetic info have included an infant in Turkey with wasting diarrhea, a scientist who sequenced his own genes using a machine he designed, and another geneticist who had spent his life trying to figure out the mystery of his own disease. These pioneers have followed a path we're all likely to trod down--and one that the business world has not even begun to figure out how to monetize.

Reading out a person's genetic code cost $3 billion a decade ago. Now it can be done for less than $10,000. With multiple companies racing to create a cheap solution, it could be a commodity in a decade. The impact, not only for medicine but also for engineering and chemistry, will be huge.

Illumina, the market leader in selling DNA-sequencing machines, now...