Media interest in genetic technology spiked dramatically after
Scottish scientists announced in 1997 that they had successfully
cloned an adult sheep. Speculation about the production of cloned
humans was prominent in coverage of "Dolly."
But the overwhelming public sentiment against human cloning
did not deter advocates of human genetic manipulation. A small
group of influential scientists and other advocates of a "techno-eugenic"
future began concerted publicity efforts, including conferences,
media appearances, and publications.
At the beginning of 2000, a flurry of turn-of-the-millennium
articles discussed the imminence of human genetic manipulation.
National television news shows gave air time to key advocates
of a "post-human future."
The tone and message of these accounts were remarkably consistent.
The majority took perfunctory note of possible ethical questions,
but as often as not directly or indirectly implied that development
and use of these technologies was "inevitable." Some
news stories and articles were straightforwardly celebratory.

"Superhumans: Like it or not, in a few short years we'll
have the power to control our own evolution," announced
the subhead of this article in New Scientist, a popular
British science magazine distributed both in the UK and the
US. A dismembered baby illustrates the article.
Robert Taylor, "Superhumans" New Scientist
(October 3, 1998)
"It
is only a matter of time….Genetic engineers are preparing
to cross what has long been an ethical Rubicon….How soon
might we design our children? The necessary pieces are quickly
falling into place." This Newsweek article is accompanied
by a picture of an attractive Caucasian baby.
Sharon Begley, "Designer Babies," Newsweek
(November 9, 1998)
http://www.ess.ucla.edu/huge/newsweek.html

"Parents may go to fertility clinics and pick from a list
of options the way car buyers order air conditioning and chrome-alloy
wheels." The smiling baby adorning this story is ensconced
in a space suit.
Michael D. Lemonick, "Designer Babies," Time
(January 11, 1999)
http://www.colband.com.br/ativ/nete/
biot/textos/genetica/006.htm

In August 1999, ABC's Nightline in Primetime featured Lee Silver,
author of this key popular book advocating human genetic manipulation.
As in his book, Silver asserted that the emergence of "GenRich"
and "Natural" genetic castes is inevitable.
Lee Silver, Remaking Eden: Cloning and Beyond in a Brave
New World (New York: Avon Books, 1997)

The September 13, 1999 Time cover featured the "The
I.Q. Gene" after scientists at Princeton University announced
that they had genetically engineered mice with improved memories,
and that this enhancement was passed on to the mice's offspring.
The media's major interest was in the potential for human applications.
Time's two stories were titled "Smart Genes? A new
study sheds light on how memory works and raises questions about
whether we should use genetics to make people brainier"
and "If We Have it, Do We Use It?"

The fourth-quarter 1999 issue of Scientific American Presents
was titled "Your Bionic Future: How technology will change
the way you live in the next millennium." Among the stories
featured were "The Clone Next Door," "An End
to Aging," "Design Your Own Baby," "Artificial
Wombs," and "Downloading Your Brain."

Cloning: Frontiers of Genetic Engineering by David Jefferis
(New York: Crabtree Publishing, 1999) is a glossy 32-page book
about genetics, animal cloning, and human cloning. It is advertised
by its publisher as a text for children of ages 9 to 12. The
two-page spread titled "Cloning people" reports that
"many people say it is best to take a breather before rushing
ahead too fast, especially with humans." The book ends
with a timeline of genetic research, showing "First human
clones," "'Alpha humans' are created" and "Human
genetic modifications and cloning become common" in the
years after 2000.
A
feature story in the January 2000 issue of Wired, "Don't
Die, Stay Pretty," described a conference organized by
the Extropy Institute, a group that promotes an "ultrahuman
revolution" of extensive human genetic modifications and
human immortality. A number of prominent researchers, including
Geron chief scientist Calvin Hartley, spoke at the conference.
Wired called their participation "visible acknowledgment
that Extropian rhetoric isn't nearly as wild as it sounds."
Brian Alexander, "Don't Die, Stay Pretty," Wired
(Vol. 8, No. 1, January 2000)
http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.01/forever.html
A
special issue of Time magazine, "Beyond 2000"
(November 8, 1999), included a short essay by Lee Silver, a
central figure in the campaign for human genetic manipulation.
Silver wrote of a fantasized marketing campaign by the "St.
Genevieve" fertility clinic in the year 2025, imagining
an advertising pitch for "Organic Enhancement" —
"the DNA molecules added to embryos are totally organic"
and "all-natural." Silver even wrote text for the
clinic-of-the-near-future's website: "[K]eep in mind, you
must act before you get pregnant. Don't be sorry after she's
born. This really is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for your
child-to-be."
On
January 1, 2000, The New York Times carried a story titled
"A Small Leap to Designer Babies" by Sheryl Gay Stolberg.
Short quotes from critics of human genetic manipulation were
overshadowed by the space devoted to advocates Gregory Stock,
Lee Silver, and W. French Anderson.
Sheryl Gay Stolberg, "A Small Leap to Designer Babies,"
The New York Times (January 1, 2000)
http://www.nytimes.com/specials/010100mil-gene-stolberg.html
In
March 2000 an Associated Press article by Daniel Q. Haney appeared
in newspapers across the country. The CNN Interactive version
was titled "Scientists Predict Another Hard Choice for
Parents: Their Babies' Genes" (March 6, 2000); the Baltimore
Sun called it "'Designer Babies' Just Genes Away"
(March 15, 2000). The article extensively quoted Gregory Stock,
Lee Silver, and other advocates of human genetic manipulation.
The only "dissent" was from scientists who believe
it will take longer to perfect designer-baby technology than
Stock, Silver, and their colleagues believe.
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